@inproceedings{f9d6181a10db49db802a2f6c8770fa1e,
title = "SiGe BiCMOS PAM-4 clock and data recovery circuit for high-speed serial communications",
abstract = "A multilevel clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for highspeed serial data transmission was designed using the IBM 6 HP 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS process technology. The circuit extracts the clock from a 32 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulated (PAM-4) input signal and outputs four channels of retimed NRZ data at 8 Gb/s per channel. The CDR design incorporates a PAM-4 to 2-bit-binary converter, a phase/frequency detector, a loop filter, a quadrature LC ring oscillator and a data-retiming module. The circuit operates using a 3.3 V supply voltage with a 350 mA current consumption. The simulation results show that the peak-to-peak jitter is 1.3 ps, the capture range is 2 GHz, the acquisition time is 200 ns and the input sensitivity is 150 mV. This PAM-based CDR technique is quite suitable for low-loss transmission channels such as fiber optic communications or short-distance copper links, including network-on-chip (NOC) implementations and storage area networks (SANs).",
keywords = "Amplitude modulation, BiCMOS integrated circuits, Clocks, Data communication, Data mining, Germanium silicon alloys, Network-on-a-chip, Pulse circuits, Pulse modulation, Silicon germanium",
author = "Hsieh, {Ming Ta} and Sobelman, {G. E.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2003 IEEE. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.; IEEE International SOC Conference, SOCC 2003 ; Conference date: 17-09-2003 Through 20-09-2003",
year = "2003",
doi = "10.1109/SOC.2003.1241531",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings - IEEE International SOC Conference, SOCC 2003",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "305--308",
editor = "Ha, {Dong S.} and Richard Auletta and John Chickanosky",
booktitle = "Proceedings - IEEE International SOC Conference, SOCC 2003",
}