Social predictors of psychological need satisfaction and well-being among female adolescent gymnasts: A longitudinal analysis

Using self-determination theory, we examined longitudinal relationships among perceived social influences (coach-created motivational climate, coach interpersonal style, friendship quality), psychological need satisfaction, and well-being (self-esteem, positive affect, disordered eating) among female adolescent gymnasts. Competitive gymnasts (N = 174; M_age = 13.5 years) completed a survey at 2 time waves (T1 and T2), 7 months apart. Structural equation modeling revealed-(a) T1 mastery climate/ autonomy-support and performance climate positively predicted T2 perceived competence, controlling for T1 psychological needs and physical maturity; (b) T1 perceived competence predicted higher T2 self-esteem and lower T2 disordered eating, controlling for T1 well-being; and (c) perceived competence was a significant mediator of the relationship between coach behaviors and well-being. Results provide partial support for self-determination theory and reveal the mechanisms by which coaches can influence well-being over time.