The interacting ecological effects of large-scale disturbances and salvage logging on montane spruce forest regeneration in the western European Alps

Agriculture & Biology

• insect outbreaks 94%
• coarse woody debris 86%
• forest regeneration 82%
• Picea abies 62%
• windthrow 60%
• Picea 59%
• valleys 55%
• overstory 50%
• natural regeneration 50%
• herbs 36%
• shrubs 34%
• residual forests 34%
• Lymantria monacha 34%
• Larix decidua 28%
• Abies alba 26%
• dead wood 24%
• browsing 24%
• understory 20%
• shade 18%
• analysis of variance 16%
• summer 13%
• insects 12%
• seeds 10%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• salvage 79%
• regeneration 52%
• disturbance 42%
• coarse woody debris 31%
• insect 28%
• windthrow 22%
• overstory 19%
• herb 16%
• valley 15%
• effect 14%
• shrub 13%
• stand dynamics 11%
• natural regeneration 9%
• browsing 9%
• understory 8%
• karst 7%
• management practice 6%
• seed 6%
• moisture 5%
• substrate 5%
• summer 4%