Woodpecker nest tree characteristics in Upper Midwestern oak forests

Agriculture & Biology

• woodpeckers 100%
• Quercus 68%
• nests 60%
• Populus tremuloides 13%
• Sphyrapicus varius 13%
• birds 8%
• deterioration 8%
• heartwood 8%
• Ulmus rubra 6%
• Populus grandidentata 5%
• Ulmus americana 5%
• information needs 4%
• Ulmus 4%
• environmental assessment 4%
• forest management 4%
• managers 3%
• wildlife 3%
• bark 3%
• species diversity 2%
• fungi 2%
• testing 1%
• sampling 1%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• nest 82%
• oak 74%
• cavity 18%
• bird 11%
• harvest 6%
• need 5%
• environmental analysis 4%
• indicator 4%
• bark 4%
• timber 3%
• dwelling 3%
• forest management 3%
• fungus 3%
• wildlife 3%
• North America 2%
• test 2%
• recommendation 2%
• attribute 2%
• analysis 0%